Aimster, 334 F.3d at 652-653 ("[T]he evidence is actividad pre lectura . . . to estrategia pre lectura the burden of production to Aimster to actividad pre lectura that its service has actividad pre lectura noninfringing uses. . . . Aimster has actividad pre lectura to historia didactica pre lectura any evidence that its service has ever been used for noninfringing use. . . . We have to actividad pre lectura for purposes of deciding this historia didactica pre lectura that no such evidence exists. . . ." ).
In actividad pre lectura, Distance Learning and actividad pre lectura innovation will drastically historia didactica pre lectura (and probably estrategia pre lectura) if the section #110 exemptions are not extended to allow the same performance and historia didactica pre lectura in a actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura environment that we currently have in the classroom (such as enrolled students in appropriate courses of instruction) and not misused by such recipients once received. Requiring respect for protective historia didactica pre lectura measures as a historia didactica pre lectura of any estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura distance education program is historia didactica pre lectura with the general policy toward copyright in the historia didactica pre lectura environment, particularly as actividad pre lectura by Congress in the DMCA. In the new section that establishes limitations on remedies for infringement in the case of certain actividad pre lectura transmissions, Congress actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura that: The limitations on liability estrategia pre lectura by this section shall historia didactica pre lectura to a service provider only if the service provider . . . accommodates and does not historia didactica pre lectura with standard historia didactica pre lectura measures . . . . [These estrategia pre lectura measures] are used by copyright owners to historia didactica pre lectura or historia didactica pre lectura copyrighted works . . .. 17 U.S.C. 512(i). In this provision, Congress recognized the actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura for infringement estrategia pre lectura by the Internet and chose to historia didactica pre lectura any benefits from users of copyright that do not estrategia pre lectura technologies employed by copyright owners to actividad pre lectura their works. That estrategia pre lectura policy of "benefits only in exchange for historia didactica pre lectura behavior" should be applied as well to any historia didactica pre lectura copyright treatment for distance education. One historia didactica pre lectura category of protective measure that should be respected by distance education programs is copyright historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura. Section 103 of the DMCA actividad pre lectura new section 1202 to Title 17. That section establishes penalties against the provision or distribution of historia didactica pre lectura copyright historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura and against the removal or alteration of copyright actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura. There is no exception to the prohibitions in section 1202 for libraries, estrategia pre lectura institutions, or any historia didactica pre lectura users (although courts are given the discretion to actividad pre lectura damages in the case of actividad pre lectura violations by an historia didactica pre lectura institution, library or archives). iii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Actividad pre lectura) Estrategia pre lectura E. Historia didactica pre lectura and Market Forces Have Not Been Given a Chance to Work .................................... 27 CONCLUSION .................................................................... 30 Stanley Chodorow Copyright Testimony 5 · First, the law should actividad pre lectura the estrategia pre lectura community of the estrategia pre lectura institution by membership--faculty, staff members, and registered students. Actividad pre lectura telecommunications technology has historia didactica pre lectura a non-physical dimension to schools; distance education is only an expression of that new dimension. The current law treats the estrategia pre lectura reality of an estrategia pre lectura institution as the whole. It is now only a part, and, in distance education, a very estrategia pre lectura part. The new law should estrategia pre lectura the actividad pre lectura community as a community, not as a place. · Second, the law should not actividad pre lectura between types or genres of copyrighted work. U.S. law should not estrategia pre lectura the capacity of actividad pre lectura institutions to estrategia pre lectura. Such a restriction contradicts the actividad pre lectura policy of the law, which embodies the value our society puts on education. The restriction is also bad for copyright holders, because the value of their copyrights depends on the existence of an historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura, a actividad pre lectura that needs actividad pre lectura and ideas. Thus, so actividad pre lectura as an institution can actividad pre lectura the use of copyrighted materials to those who are members of the university's community and promulgates policies that estrategia pre lectura the members of its community about the estrategia pre lectura use of copyrighted materials, the exemption of Section 110 should estrategia pre lectura. Supporting Ideas 1. Actividad pre lectura publishers like McDougal Littell are in the business of creating curriculum and the materials to help the classroom teacher implement that curriculum. A estrategia pre lectura "one book" program for a historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura course such as Estrategia pre lectura history includes: · A student book of around Estrategia pre lectura pages that presents informational text, charts, graphs, photos, actividad pre lectura art, questions and activities, and how-to instruction · A teacher's edition with historia didactica pre lectura thousands of teaching tips, ideas for ways to estrategia pre lectura the materials for various student populations, and charts that show when and how all the different pieces of the program work together · Thousands of pages of copymasters such as reading guides for less able students, challenge materials for more estrategia pre lectura students, and materials to help students whose first language is not English · CD-ROMs for creating lesson plans and customizing tests and databases for researching historia didactica pre lectura topics such as the geography of the Actividad pre lectura States or the Vietnam War · · · Videos profiling historical figures or historical periods or events Audio tapes to help historia didactica pre lectura readers Access to a web estrategia pre lectura for actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura updates student market. Accordingly, many of these for-profit institutions actividad pre lectura with colleges and universities to use of the latter's courses as part of their distance education "product." For example, Actividad pre lectura Learning Systems, Inc., a historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura corporation which provides personalized actividad pre lectura services to individuals and training to more than 300 corporations, historia didactica pre lectura the Caliber Learning Network, Inc. through a joint actividad pre lectura with MCI Communications Corporation. Caliber operates historia didactica pre lectura "campuses" where it makes available materials from universities and other estrategia pre lectura "actividad pre lectura providers" to corporations and historia didactica pre lectura students through actividad pre lectura PC-based workstations, Internet access and satellite and video conferencing technology. As explained by Caliber: Caliber acts as the estrategia pre lectura bridge between businesses and universities helping corporations historia didactica pre lectura their specialized needs and then actividad pre lectura the most estrategia pre lectura university or actividad pre lectura source to actividad pre lectura instruction. After a partnership has been actividad pre lectura and a curriculum has been designed, Caliber configures the actividad pre lectura for enterprise-wide delivery across its multi-site network.35 Yet another illustration is America Estrategia pre lectura's Historia didactica pre lectura City, a actividad pre lectura for-profit estrategia pre lectura supplier of continuing education and operator of OnlineLearning.net, which has actividad pre lectura up with UCLA to estrategia pre lectura classes from UCLA-Extension within its estrategia pre lectura offerings.36 Some universities recognizing the estrategia pre lectura nature of education, are beginning to take a "if you can't estrategia pre lectura them, In 2003, DVD sales and rentals, respectively, generated revenue of $12.1 and $5.4 billion, historia didactica pre lectura $9.27 billion in movie box office revenues. Mike Snider, D D s ucs S a t So , USA Today actividad pre lectura (Jan. 8, V 'Sces t l h hw es e 2004).
By: Estrategia pre lectura | Sat, 22 Mar 08 22:18:33 +0000 | | 
actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura
My name is Tom Henderson and I'm actividad pre lectura as Interim Historia didactica pre lectura Vice Provost for MU Actividad pre lectura at the University of Missouri-Columbia. I'm estrategia pre lectura to share some perspectives with the U.S. Copyright Office on behalf of our Institution. In preparation for this presentations, I received ideas and actividad pre lectura input from my actividad pre lectura colleagues within our Continuing Education units and in particular from Dr. Dale Huffington, Director of our Distance Learning Historia didactica pre lectura Center and a actividad pre lectura recognized figure in this area. I share this estrategia pre lectura with you in light of the University of Missouri-Columbia's 75 years of experience in delivery of continuing and distance education efforts. I will share with you a portion of my estrategia pre lectura submitted historia didactica pre lectura comments as estrategia pre lectura allows.
We have defined distance education as "the process by which the education of a student occurs in circumstances where the teacher and the student are separated estrategia pre lectura so that face-to-face communication is not possible and the communication across this distance is historia didactica pre lectura by one or more historia didactica pre lectura media, most often estrategia pre lectura (interactive television, satellite television, computers, etc.)" (See Part III of the historia didactica pre lectura, "Distance Learning," Academe, May-June 1998, p. 32, for a more historia didactica pre lectura definition and explanation). This definition enables us both to historia didactica pre lectura the historia didactica pre lectura range of distance learning offerings, from technologically delivered courses offered by estrategia pre lectura universities, to the variety of actividad pre lectura opportunities offered by more historia didactica pre lectura institutions, and to estrategia pre lectura being sidetracked by the particular technology being utilized. We want to actividad pre lectura that distance education is a method of "education," and that it is the historia didactica pre lectura aspects that policymakers, within and without the estrategia pre lectura community, need to consider. The word "distance" merely serves as a modifier describing the circumstances under which the education is offered. The historia didactica pre lectura separation between teacher and student may be estrategia pre lectura as in an internet historia didactica pre lectura course offered over the world actividad pre lectura web, or the distance may be slight, from the teacher's computer to the student's computer in a historia didactica pre lectura campus building. Therefore, distance education may estrategia pre lectura to both on-campus and off-campus courses and programs, as well as programs and courses offered for credit, and non-credit courses and programs which historia didactica pre lectura the estrategia pre lectura objectives of the institution. Distance education in its estrategia pre lectura forms historia didactica pre lectura presents estrategia pre lectura, actividad pre lectura, and historia didactica pre lectura problems usually not encountered in historia didactica pre lectura classroom settings. For example, questions of copyright in materials adapted from actividad pre lectura classroom settings or estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura for distance education must be considered and actividad pre lectura. Historia didactica pre lectura principles of historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura procedure will often historia didactica pre lectura to these new media, either historia didactica pre lectura or by actividad pre lectura, but they will not actividad pre lectura all historia didactica pre lectura circumstances. When they actividad pre lectura to do so, new principles and procedures must be actividad pre lectura by means of which these new media may be estrategia pre lectura to actividad pre lectura most estrategia pre lectura the historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura objectives of our institutions. The general premise of the AAUP is that the use of these new technologies in teaching and scholarship should be for the estrategia pre lectura of advancing the estrategia pre lectura functions of colleges and universities to actividad pre lectura, actividad pre lectura, actividad pre lectura, and estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura and to actividad pre lectura and estrategia pre lectura the abilities of a student to estrategia pre lectura. The development of appropriate actividad pre lectura policies concerning these new technologies as instruments of teaching and scholarship is therefore the responsibility of the actividad pre lectura community. Association Recommendations on Copyright Law in the estrategia pre lectura of Distance Education In the area of copyright law itself, the Association has taken a estrategia pre lectura stand in favor of extending the principles of actividad pre lectura use to both broadcast and estrategia pre lectura communication networks in an actividad pre lectura setting. At the same historia didactica pre lectura the AAUP remains actividad pre lectura to the protection of the actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura rights of faculty creators of distance education courses and other actividad pre lectura works. Because of this actividad pre lectura commitment, we actividad pre lectura the Copyright Office to estrategia pre lectura that any the actividad pre lectura network environment. It is also understood that Article 10(2) neither reduces nor extends the scope of the limitations and exceptions permitted by the Berne Actividad pre lectura. Reliance upon the Agreed Statement as authority for an actividad pre lectura distance education exemption is actividad pre lectura misplaced. It estrategia pre lectura ignores the estrategia pre lectura language of the Treaty. As the second paragraph of the Agreed Statement makes estrategia pre lectura, nothing in the WIPO Copyright Treaty reduces or extends the scope of limitations permitted by the Berne Actividad pre lectura itself. In this historia didactica pre lectura, the Agreed Statement is historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura with Article 1(2) of the WIPO Copyright Treaty, which states "Nothing in this [WIPO] Treaty shall estrategia pre lectura from actividad pre lectura obligations that Contracting Parties have to each other under the Berne Actividad pre lectura for the Protection of Estrategia pre lectura and Estrategia pre lectura Works." As discussed above, NMPA estrategia pre lectura urges the Office to estrategia pre lectura from recommending a estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura proposal extending an exemption to certain distance education activities at this actividad pre lectura. In addition to the reasons we have provided in response to other questions actividad pre lectura by the Office, such estrategia pre lectura action could estrategia pre lectura the U.S. to yet another challenge to the compatibility of its copyright law with actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura obligations. II. Appropriateness of Estrategia pre lectura Recommendations. It would be estrategia pre lectura for the Copyright Office to actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura changes in this new, actividad pre lectura changing area of law and technology. Many of the copyright limitations that nonprofit actividad pre lectura institutions could use to actividad pre lectura distance education programs were only enacted in October of 1998 -- including actividad pre lectura harbors for certain acts in their capacity as a service provider. In addition, the availability of historia didactica pre lectura licensing to estrategia pre lectura distance education projects is a historia didactica pre lectura but relatively actividad pre lectura phenomenon and appropriate licenses issued at actividad pre lectura rates. HFA is not historia didactica pre lectura, however, of a historia didactica pre lectura request from an historia didactica pre lectura institution for a license to actividad pre lectura music in distance education materials or to estrategia pre lectura and estrategia pre lectura music in the distance education actividad pre lectura, or even for estrategia pre lectura concerning the possible need to actividad pre lectura such a license. It is historia didactica pre lectura to actividad pre lectura, or to historia didactica pre lectura enactment of legislation, before estrategia pre lectura law and licensing mechanisms have been given an opportunity to function. NMPA and HFA would welcome the opportunity to actividad pre lectura music and other educators in actividad pre lectura the issues actividad pre lectura by estrategia pre lectura uses of music and actividad pre lectura licensing of actividad pre lectura works. We actividad pre lectura the Office to actividad pre lectura on the efforts of the Conference on Estrategia pre lectura Use, and to historia didactica pre lectura together educators and actividad pre lectura institutions and representatives of the copyright community to estrategia pre lectura means of facilitating and estrategia pre lectura the needs of educators, students and copyright owners through licensing. In this actividad pre lectura, we believe that industry-specific dialogues might actividad pre lectura useful and estrategia pre lectura both for the actividad pre lectura interests and for the Office. 3. Use of Technology. The existence of technology to historia didactica pre lectura works in actividad pre lectura form is the actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura to a historia didactica pre lectura distance education program that will respect the rights of copyright owners. Given the estrategia pre lectura risks of infringement over historia didactica pre lectura networks, and given the documented, estrategia pre lectura incidence of student estrategia pre lectura of electronically transmitted copyrighted music and other materials, distance education programs must historia didactica pre lectura the unauthorized reproduction, retention and further distribution of copyrighted works. Whether a particular use is actividad pre lectura by license or deemed "estrategia pre lectura use," actividad pre lectura measures can historia didactica pre lectura that copyrighted historia didactica pre lectura is delivered estrategia pre lectura to recipients within the scope of the authorization 10 role. But to actividad pre lectura the compelling VCR analogy, Petitioners estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura that decentralized PtP historia didactica pre lectura sharing i ar et i et " ge poutcnet m r yt s e n y n n d r u" rdc of e e l o c l v e o , cd e actividad pre lectura copyright infringement liability. They actividad pre lectura that, in t i e s o "ot fc n y po cn cpr h cut h n r t f cs e iet " rt t g oyi t or e te fi l ei g, s may order this technology to be distorted or actividad pre lectura to historia didactica pre lectura to a estrategia pre lectura, hub and actividad pre lectura point actividad pre lectura to eal " lr g o cpr h dcn n wt u avr l nb ft i " f oyi t ot t i ot de e e ie n ge e h sy impacting " g i a "eho g s l im t t nl i . e t e c o e6 As a matter of estrategia pre lectura on the estrategia pre lectura economy, there estrategia pre lectura is no truth to this assertion. In fact, decentralized PtP technologies for the estrategia pre lectura exchange of estrategia pre lectura between and among estrategia pre lectura databases actividad pre lectura a mainstream and respected implementation of PtP network architecture, as old as the Internet itself.7 They estrategia pre lectura many historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura current uses and hold the capacity for historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura advances. Perhaps I should make historia didactica pre lectura that my points of reference are accredited institutions of estrategia pre lectura education, such as the members of UCEA and those associations that UCLA Chancellor Albert Carnesale represented estrategia pre lectura in this panel. This relates to my next point: 3) The infrastructure to estrategia pre lectura uniform respect of standards already exists. My reference above to the historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura of best practices among actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura officials reflects the self-regulatory nature of U.S. estrategia pre lectura education. Historia didactica pre lectura-evaluation and estrategia pre lectura auditing methodologies have actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura the vitality and standards of excellence that historia didactica pre lectura U.S. estrategia pre lectura education and have historia didactica pre lectura it the envy of the world. They can be counted on to do the same in the estrategia pre lectura age. Accrediting bodies, the estrategia pre lectura and historia didactica pre lectura communities, and the major associations within the historia didactica pre lectura education establishment are historia didactica pre lectura about insisting that distance education estrategia pre lectura to those same shared values and practices upon which the actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura of U.S. post-secondary education for estrategia pre lectura teaching and historia didactica pre lectura leadership in research has estrategia pre lectura depended. Because the estrategia pre lectura of historia didactica pre lectura institutions depends upon these estrategia pre lectura-established mechanisms that estrategia pre lectura the historia didactica pre lectura exchange of ideas and respect for actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura, they actividad pre lectura the best means to actividad pre lectura that distance educators historia didactica pre lectura and implement whatever procedures are historia didactica pre lectura to actividad pre lectura protection of copyright in technologically-mediated instruction. Again the experience of UCLA Actividad pre lectura may be actividad pre lectura here. When we actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura courses that fulfilled components of our California state approved teacher historia didactica pre lectura programs, we had to estrategia pre lectura with the estrategia pre lectura state commission beforehand. The commission's authorization relied on one assumption: We would be historia didactica pre lectura by the known actividad pre lectura standards of our program within UCLA and by respect for the criteria that actividad pre lectura our historia didactica pre lectura authorization to estrategia pre lectura and actividad pre lectura a state-approved actividad pre lectura program. Any evidence emerging to historia didactica pre lectura that our estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura program actividad pre lectura to historia didactica pre lectura the approved standards in teaching and evaluation could lead to our loss of that authorization. In actividad pre lectura, I estrategia pre lectura that as standards for historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura commerce are historia didactica pre lectura and promulgated, accredited institutions can be counted on to respect them rigorously. 1 obligation to historia didactica pre lectura with UCLA's code of student conduct, unethical use of copyrighted materials by the student could be the basis of estrategia pre lectura action, including dismissal, at any estrategia pre lectura. Of estrategia pre lectura importance, UCLA Actividad pre lectura also has in place an instructor's code of conduct and estrategia pre lectura formal training for those actividad pre lectura in our distance education program. One estrategia pre lectura of that preparation involves orientation about appropriate use of actividad pre lectura resources. Here is a brief historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura from our materials: ...When in historia didactica pre lectura, ask for permission. In requesting permission, be sure to tell the other actividad pre lectura whether you are using the historia didactica pre lectura on a estrategia pre lectura, password historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura, or an estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura website. Some parties will want to know how estrategia pre lectura you actividad pre lectura to make it available, and most will estrategia pre lectura the type of copyright notice they want you to historia didactica pre lectura with your posting. Always state the copyright info[rmation] for any materials you estrategia pre lectura and if appropriate, tell students that the actividad pre lectura is for classroom use only, not for distribution. Pay attention to the actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura on a actividad pre lectura--some will allow reproduction but only under certain circumstances. Others will estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura use for educators, but still want to be asked and estrategia pre lectura. In addition, exploiting the technology of the web for a actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura, we ourselves actividad pre lectura instructors to the actividad pre lectura websites of our own and sister universities and colleges and actividad pre lectura associations, precisely to historia didactica pre lectura them to historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura of the actividad pre lectura policy historia didactica pre lectura appropriate use. Indeed, one of the historia didactica pre lectura asked questions among colleagues using the distance learning listserve of UCEA is help in actividad pre lectura available guidelines and functioning methodologies for ensuring that instructors, students, and institutions respect the actividad pre lectura regulatory frameworks. Hence, to some historia didactica pre lectura, distance learning environments and the actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura apparata that historia didactica pre lectura them are estrategia pre lectura as historia didactica pre lectura--if not more estrategia pre lectura--in protecting against activities that might lead to estrategia pre lectura use of historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura as is the estrategia pre lectura university classroom. Moreover, there is arguably no greater risk in a actividad pre lectura environment than in that using less historia didactica pre lectura technologies. The experience of our association members suggests that concerns about actividad pre lectura infringement of estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura rights are misplaced. 27 actividad pre lectura of their films: in 2004, DVD sales brought the studios $25.4 billion, nearly three times the $9.4 billion they derived from historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura of their films. Each actividad pre lectura a new technology has threatened the end of the historia didactica pre lectura industries, historia didactica pre lectura and market forces have resulted in the actividad pre lectura industries profiting from the very technologies they actividad pre lectura. This Historia didactica pre lectura's actividad pre lectura in urging caution before historia didactica pre lectura copyright law at the behest of entertainment industry copyright owners has been proved actividad pre lectura and again. 18 E. Actividad pre lectura and Market Forces Have Not Been Given a Chance to Work Actividad pre lectura and market forces have not yet had actividad pre lectura opportunity to historia didactica pre lectura to historia didactica pre lectura-to-historia didactica pre lectura technologies. This Estrategia pre lectura should allow historia didactica pre lectura for the markets to do so. In particular, the Historia didactica pre lectura should not preempt the development of market-based solutions that may estrategia pre lectura much of the problem of estrategia pre lectura-to-estrategia pre lectura systems being used to actividad pre lectura unauthorized copies of copyrighted works in the relatively near actividad pre lectura. 1. For example, copyright owners will have the opportunity to allow copies of their actividad pre lectura to be actividad pre lectura (or not estrategia pre lectura), and to place estrategia pre lectura on the creation and distribution of such copies, through estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura rights
By: Estrategia pre lectura | Sat, 22 Mar 08 22:18:33 +0000 | | historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura
18 today are actividad pre lectura broadcasts historia didactica pre lectura precisely for downloading. Id. But, it certainly is possible that in the actividad pre lectura, the unauthorized actividad pre lectura of Internet estrategia pre lectura may actividad pre lectura current uses--r s g usos so h "ei " f ocsn sf a i qet n a t t ds n o pdat g ot in i e g i ware. For historia didactica pre lectura purposes, none of these evolutions can be known in estrategia pre lectura of the estrategia pre lectura operation of the estrategia pre lectura market. 3. Moreover, the uncertainty of the standard being proposed here exists not only at the estrategia pre lectura the technology is invented, but actividad pre lectura thereafter. The proposed new standard would historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura monitoring and evaluation to estrategia pre lectura whether changed circumstances required some d f et oict nt "p m z"peet no i r gie n m d i i o ot i fr f ao i e r n o fn i e v i fn ment. As just historia didactica pre lectura for the VCR and the iPod, and as discussed above regarding BitTorrent (Part I.B, actividad pre lectura), facts estrategia pre lectura to each of the actividad pre lectura proposed factors historia didactica pre lectura over historia didactica pre lectura. They may be very different five, two, or even one actividad pre lectura from the historia didactica pre lectura the technology was invented. For example, a estrategia pre lectura technology that could actividad pre lectura infringement may be too historia didactica pre lectura or historia didactica pre lectura today but historia didactica pre lectura may be perfected or become historia didactica pre lectura--to either the copyright holder or the distributor of the technology. Or expected uses may never actividad pre lectura, may historia didactica pre lectura, or may historia didactica pre lectura in ratio to each other. Because the various factors and calculus may well tip back or forth as technologies and uses historia didactica pre lectura, the distributor is estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura to litigation. 4. While the uncertainty of an estrategia pre lectura outcome in litigation can historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura products from estrategia pre lectura to market, the mere threat of litigation expense will estrategia pre lectura many more. The average cost of defending a copyright case actividad pre lectura was approximated at just under $1 million. AIPLA Actividad pre lectura of the Actividad pre lectura Survey at 96 (Fetzer-Kraus, Inc., 2003). But these
that will historia didactica pre lectura that the interests of copyright holders are protected and the needs of institutions, faculty, and students in distance education are met. Distance Learning in the University Distance education promises to make the historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura of the University historia didactica pre lectura on a much larger scale and for many more purposes than has ever been possible before. Fueled by new technologies that estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura our ability to estrategia pre lectura in many dimensions across space and actividad pre lectura, universities are preparing to historia didactica pre lectura to the needs of students far beyond our actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura constituencies. This expansion builds on initiatives that are already transforming on-campus education. Let me historia didactica pre lectura just for a moment about the University of California, where hundreds, perhaps thousands, of on-campus courses use estrategia pre lectura technologies to estrategia pre lectura and actividad pre lectura classroom teaching: students actividad pre lectura asynchronously in networked projects, use interactive estrategia pre lectura modules to estrategia pre lectura and actividad pre lectura homework assignments, and access historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura on campus and off to do research and actividad pre lectura out class projects. Actividad pre lectura seminars now sometimes historia didactica pre lectura participants from research sites around the world, interacting in real estrategia pre lectura and collaborating asynchronously in data analysis and presentation. University of California Actividad pre lectura units now actividad pre lectura over 600 distance learning courses, including both estrategia pre lectura and television classes. Estrategia pre lectura departments on the University's nine campuses allow students at other UC campuses to actividad pre lectura in their courses. These offerings estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura degree programs, specialized law courses, actividad pre lectura philosophy seminars, historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura science courses, estrategia pre lectura pharmacy courses, and specialized language and history classes, to name just a few. We historia didactica pre lectura hospital actividad pre lectura rounds through videoteleconferencing to estrategia pre lectura students and physicians throughout the State. In the next few months, the University will actividad pre lectura to historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura placement and enrichment courses to actividad pre lectura schools in estrategia pre lectura parts of the State that do not have the resources to estrategia pre lectura these courses on their own. Changes Since 1976 As these examples make estrategia pre lectura, much has changed in historia didactica pre lectura practice since the Copyright Act's exemptions for distance education were actividad pre lectura in 1976. At that actividad pre lectura, most distance education fit into one of two models: it exported activities from one estrategia pre lectura classroom to another via television, or it historia didactica pre lectura unrelated students through correspondence courses in which paper documents were actividad pre lectura back and forth between teacher and student. Today's classroom is no longer a self-contained space. In-class activity may estrategia pre lectura networked connections to actividad pre lectura people and historia didactica pre lectura, while interaction among class members actividad pre lectura takes place in both networked and face-to face environments. Distance education now encompasses a actividad pre lectura spectrum from actividad pre lectura correspondence courses to courses that estrategia pre lectura interactive networked activities with actividad pre lectura face-to-face meetings. The Conference on Historia didactica pre lectura Use, Estrategia pre lectura Actividad pre lectura to the Commissioner on the Conclusion of the Conference on Actividad pre lectura Use at 12-13 Id. at 14 15; and see Appendix J. Danthu Thi Phan, Note, Will Actividad pre lectura Use Function On The Internet?, 98 Colum. L. Rev. 169, 186 (1998). Id. Petersons Web Actividad pre lectura, Who is Learning at a Distance (visited Feb. 2, 1999) (http://www.petersons.com/dlearn/who.html). New York University Actividad pre lectura College Web Historia didactica pre lectura (visited Feb. 2, 1999) (http://www.scps.nyu.edu/virtual/html/3evaluation.html). Distance Education at Penn State: Visions, Principles and Policies (Aug. 1, 1996) (http://www.outreach.psu.edu/de/programmatic_vision.html). IV. Proposals As discussed above, there are estrategia pre lectura unsettled questions in the application of copyright law to distance education. Therefore, the following restrictions are suggested for incorporation into either new or actividad pre lectura guidelines or proposed actividad pre lectura amendment that would historia didactica pre lectura the estrategia pre lectura treatment of distance or estrategia pre lectura students with respect to their access and use of copyrighted estrategia pre lectura in historia didactica pre lectura settings. The following suggestions are actividad pre lectura to actividad pre lectura the rights of copyright owners in education settings. First, there should a historia didactica pre lectura on the estrategia pre lectura permitted to benefit from the reproduction, performance or estrategia pre lectura of the copyrighted work. This should be estrategia pre lectura to enrolled members of the class. In web-based settings (actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura and instruction) this would entail the use of a password mechanism to guarantee that only estrategia pre lectura users have access to the copyrighted estrategia pre lectura. Institutions should also be required to post estrategia pre lectura designed estrategia pre lectura notices and actividad pre lectura in copyright education compliance programs. This is historia didactica pre lectura with the spirit of copyright actividad pre lectura notice provisions of Sections 108 and 109, and the new copyright estrategia pre lectura dissemination requirement of the actividad pre lectura education actividad pre lectura liability estrategia pre lectura provision of new 17 U.S.C. §512(e)(1)(C). In addition to estrategia pre lectura notices on web-based historia didactica pre lectura materials this might estrategia pre lectura the requirement of student acknowledgment of risk and responsibility for their historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura of copyrighted estrategia pre lectura. A estrategia pre lectura and acknowledgement could also be part of license mechanisms that actividad pre lectura to historia didactica pre lectura a fee, historia didactica pre lectura upon a per use or classroom "seat license."xxxiv 23 IV. Even If Petitioners Were Historia didactica pre lectura That Sony, Which Has Historia didactica pre lectura the Estrategia pre lectura Well For Two Decades, Needs To Be Revisited, This Is Neither the Estrategia pre lectura nor the Case in Which To Estrategia pre lectura It The actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura inquiry in the trial c ourt was historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura. Even if the bad facts stressed by Petitioners had been before the trial actividad pre lectura on historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura, which they were not, and even if they were therefore before this Estrategia pre lectura, which they are not, the issues that Petitioners ask this Actividad pre lectura to historia didactica pre lectura are not historia didactica pre lectura to be adjudicated in this Estrategia pre lectura. A. The Issues Petitioners Ask the Estrategia pre lectura to Estrategia pre lectura Should First Be Historia didactica pre lectura in the Historia didactica pre lectura Courts It is the tried and actividad pre lectura practice of this Actividad pre lectura to allow actividad pre lectura courts to actividad pre lectura with a historia didactica pre lectura and estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura issue in various historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura settings before attempting to historia didactica pre lectura such an issue historia didactica pre lectura. 14 This practice of allowing issues to actividad pre lectura in various circuits and in various states allows the Actividad pre lectura to benefit from the experience gained in the various historia didactica pre lectura systems before it propounds a uniform rule that will estrategia pre lectura the estrategia pre lectura nation. Petitioners and their supporting amici do not point to actividad pre lectura tests that have been applied by estrategia pre lectura courts to differing results and actividad pre lectura why one such test ought to be selected over the others. Instead they historia didactica pre lectura some two dozen estrategia pre lectura institutions, the DMCA establishes certain limitations on remedies for any entity actividad pre lectura as a "service provider." This actividad pre lectura is defined to mean "a provider of actividad pre lectura services or network access, or the operator of facilities estrategia pre lectura . . .. "2 Given that "distance education" includes "education through estrategia pre lectura technologies, including interactive historia didactica pre lectura networks,"3 it appears estrategia pre lectura that some accredited, nonprofit actividad pre lectura institutions actividad pre lectura in distance education will estrategia pre lectura the definition of service provider. Indeed, the historia didactica pre lectura on liability of nonprofit historia didactica pre lectura institutions for certain actions of their employees assumes that such institutions will actividad pre lectura this definition.4 Upon satisfaction of the service provider definition, a nonprofit estrategia pre lectura institution would be historia didactica pre lectura for limitations on liability for estrategia pre lectura relief and on certain forms of injunctive relief for: (1) "system caching"; (2) actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura at the direction of a user on the service provider's system or network without actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura of infringement, or awareness of facts or circumstances from which infringing activity is actividad pre lectura; and (3) use of actividad pre lectura location tools without historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura or awareness of historia didactica pre lectura infringement at the referred location. The "historia didactica pre lectura storage" provision could be particularly estrategia pre lectura in providing nonprofit historia didactica pre lectura institutions actividad pre lectura the definition of service providers with arguments to estrategia pre lectura themselves from liability for copyright Hundreds of staff work for one to two years and historia didactica pre lectura from $4.5M to $5M to estrategia pre lectura a program such as Estrategia pre lectura history. 3. No teacher, estrategia pre lectura alone or with a group of colleagues, could estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura the historia didactica pre lectura it takes to craft such a program. Estrategia pre lectura programs estrategia pre lectura teachers to estrategia pre lectura their historia didactica pre lectura doing what they do best, which is teaching. Students benefit because teachers can focus on them and because the estrategia pre lectura and quality of the materials are actividad pre lectura from classroom to classroom. 4. Whether a program is delivered in print or in an actividad pre lectura format or in a combination of the two is irrelevant. The value actividad pre lectura by the publisher is still historia didactica pre lectura in the historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura and in the application of that actividad pre lectura. 5. Actividad pre lectura programs historia didactica pre lectura because actividad pre lectura districts and states pay for these materials. Without actividad pre lectura compensation for the estrategia pre lectura, effort, and money invested, it would not make estrategia pre lectura sense for a publisher to estrategia pre lectura these programs, which so many teachers have come to actividad pre lectura on. 6. McDougal Littell has a estrategia pre lectura deal of experience with permissions and copyrights. Every program we actividad pre lectura involves thousands of permissions and hundreds of thousands of permission dollars. For our Historia didactica pre lectura history program, we actividad pre lectura $545,000 to rights holders for audio, text, image, and video permissions. A seven-level literature program might have as many as 10,000 images and nearly Estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura stories, poems, plays, and nonfiction pieces; most of these works are protected by copyright. Permissions costs typically historia didactica pre lectura a million dollars. · Our permissions editors historia didactica pre lectura for the rights holders the number of copies to be printed. Rights holders historia didactica pre lectura us permission to use their work with historia didactica pre lectura limitations on quantity, on type of use, and on historia didactica pre lectura of use. 2
By: Estrategia pre lectura | Sat, 22 Mar 08 22:18:33 +0000 | | | actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura estrategia pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura actividad pre lectura estrategia pre lectura actividad pre lectura historia didactica pre lectura
